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Lead Service Line Replacement in NYC

For owners of older one- to four-family houses whose water still arrives through a lead line from the street main.

By NYC Repipe & Repair · Last reviewed

A trench at the curb with new Type K copper service pipe running toward a brownstone
A trench at the curb with new Type K copper service pipe running toward a brownstone. Illustrative.

NYC Repipe & Repair replaces lead service lines in New York City: the pipe that runs from the city water main under the street, past the curb valve, to the meter inside the building. In NYC the property owner owns that entire line, including the part under the sidewalk. Lead service line replacement removes the largest single run of lead between the main and your tap. If DEP has sent you a letter about its free program, start there. If not, DEP's own plan puts a private replacement at $5,000 to $10,000.

What happens on the first visit

  1. The service line identified where it enters the building, and checked against the NYC Service Line Map.
  2. The route measured from the meter to the curb valve and the main, including any stoop, areaway or finished basement in the way.
  3. A check for galvanized or lead inside the house, and whether the old service is used as the electrical ground.
  4. A written, itemized price covering the DEP and DOT permits, the excavation, Type K copper and sidewalk restoration, before anything is booked.

Who has a lead service line, and who owns it

A service line is the pipe that brings water from the city main under the street into the building. In New York City, plumbers could legally install lead service lines until 1961, and patch repairs to existing lead lines were allowed until 2009. Lead lines are usually 2 inches or smaller, so they turn up in buildings with fewer than six units, most often older one- to four-family houses.

The DEP lead service line plan counts about 121,000 service lines that are lead or galvanized requiring replacement, plus about 118,000 of unknown material. Every known lead line is privately owned. DEP’s program page puts it plainly: property owners own and are responsible for their service line in its entirety, including the stretch under the sidewalk and street.

To check your own address, search the NYC Service Line Map linked from the DEP program page, then look at the pipe where it enters the building before the meter. How to tell if you have lead pipes in NYC shows what lead, galvanized and copper look like at the meter.

The free DEP program: who qualifies

DEP replaces lead service lines with copper at no cost, but only for eligible owners. You qualify if you receive a letter from DEP, or if the Department of Design and Construction contacts you during water main work on your street. You can’t sign up without one of those. The program started in Bronx neighborhoods including Concourse, Kingsbridge Heights, Melrose, Mott Haven and Fordham; Flushing and Borough Park are the next phases. A New York State announcement reports more than 900 Bronx and Queens homeowners helped so far, with galvanized service lines covered as well as lead.

If you get the letter, take it. DEP says replacement takes about one to two days, and its plan notes that only 63% of eligible owners have accepted. Free lead pipe replacement in NYC covers sign-up and what happens if you miss the window.

How a private replacement works

Owners outside the program hire a NYC Licensed Master Plumber, and the job crosses three agencies. Under PC 605.3, water service pipe must meet DEP’s rules, not just the plumbing code table. PC 106.6 adds DEP permits for the water connection and DOT permits for opening the sidewalk and street (2022 NYC Plumbing Code, ch. 1). Inside the property line, buried water pipe is limited to Type K copper, brass, ductile iron or stainless steel (Table 605.4.1), and Type K copper is the usual choice for a residential service. Type L vs Type K copper explains the difference in wall thickness.

The work itself runs in this order: permits and a DEP shutoff are arranged; the sidewalk and street are opened at the main and the curb valve; the new Type K copper is run into the building, often under a brownstone stoop; it is connected at the main, curb valve and meter; and the trench is backfilled and the sidewalk restored. Afterward, the line is flushed, and an electrician checks the grounding if the old service was the ground.

What it costs, and what comes after

DEP’s plan puts a private replacement at $5,000 to $10,000 per line, and the program page warns it can cost more than $8,000. Longer runs, wider streets, deep mains and finished basements push the price up; A Good Plumber lists $5,000 to $15,000 for Brooklyn. The lead service line replacement cost guide breaks the line items down.

A new service line fixes the pipe outside the meter, not the pipe inside. Lead in household plumbing wasn’t banned until 1987, and a house old enough to have a lead service usually still has galvanized supply inside. If the water is brown or pressure is weak upstairs, price galvanized pipe replacement or a whole house repiping at the same time, so one shutoff and one set of wall openings covers both. For the street-side work on non-lead lines, see water line replacement. Housing-stock details are on the Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens pages.

What's included

  • Type K copper service pipe from the main to the meter
  • Connection at the main, curb valve and meter
  • DEP and DOT permits for the connection and sidewalk opening
  • Work filed by, or done under, a NYC Licensed Master Plumber
  • Lead-free valves and fittings certified to NSF 372
  • Excavation, backfill and sidewalk restoration
  • Flushing of the new line before it goes into use
  • Grounding check flagged for the electrician where needed
Not sure whether the pipe at your meter is lead? One look and a scratch test settles it. (929) 659-6658

The permit trail

What a legal NYC repipe leaves on the record

Every permitted repipe produces the same paper trail at the Department of Buildings. It's what a buyer's attorney, a co-op board or a lender will look for later.

  1. DOB NOW: Build Filed

    Limited Alteration Application

    Filed by the Licensed Master Plumber, with the scope and the job cost.

  2. DOB Issued

    Work permit

    Issued in real time for most repipes, and posted at the job.

  3. On site Installed

    Type L copper in

    Run alongside the old pipe and switched over section by section.

  4. Plumbing Code §108 Tested

    Pressure test

    The whole new system holds under test before walls close.

  5. DOB Signed off

    Inspection and sign-off

    The job closes cleanly on the building's DOB record.

Three ways it gets done

Patch, cheap repipe, or permitted copper

Three ways NYC pipe work gets done. Only one survives a co-op board, a refinance and the next winter.

What matters DIY patchCheap operatorPermitted copper job
Pipe material Whatever the hardware store sells, often PEXPEX or thin Type M copper to save moneyType L copper, listed in NYC Plumbing Code Table 605.4
Fittings Push-fit connectors (prohibited, PC 605.9)Mixed: some push-fit, some solderSoldered or permanent press joints; dielectric unions at steel
Who may legally do it Not the owner: NYC requires a Licensed Master PlumberOften unlicensed, or a licence borrowed for the filingA NYC Licensed Master Plumber, or a crew under one
Permit NoneOften skipped (penalties start at $520, or $6,000 in 3+ family buildings)Filed in DOB NOW and signed off
Pressure test NoneRarelyWhole system tested before walls close
Co-op or condo board Will not approveUsually rejected at the insurance-certificate stageMeets typical alteration-agreement requirements
At sale or refinance Unpermitted work can surface in inspectionOpen DOB issues can delay closingA clean DOB record for the job

Sources: 2022 NYC Plumbing Code, Chapter 6; NYC DOB LAA fee and penalty charts (1–3 family, other buildings).

From the field

What lead service line replacement looks like in an NYC house

Illustrative photographs of typical conditions and the copper that replaces them.

A short cut-out piece of old dull grey lead pipe lying on the dirt at the edge of a trench, with a scratch showing shiny soft metalA new brass curb valve box and new bare copper service pipe exposed in a small excavation at a sidewalk curb in Brooklyn

Answered

Lead Service Line Replacement, answered

Is lead service line replacement free in NYC?

Only for eligible owners. DEP replaces lead service lines with copper at no cost if you receive a letter from DEP, or if the Department of Design and Construction contacts you during water main work on your street. The program started in Bronx neighborhoods, with Flushing and Borough Park next. Without that letter, the owner pays, typically $5,000 to $10,000 per DEP's plan.

Who is responsible for the lead service line in NYC?

The property owner. DEP's program page states that owners own and are responsible for their service line in its entirety, from the main under the street to the building. Every known lead service line in the city is privately owned. DEP can't require replacement, which is why its plan estimates full replacement could take 40 to 50 years at the current pace.

How do I know if my service line is lead?

Search your address on the NYC Service Line Map, then look at the pipe just before the meter. Lead is dull gray, soft enough to scratch to a bright silver with a key, and won't hold a magnet. About 118,000 NYC lines are listed as unknown material. Lead lines were legal in NYC until 1961.

Do I need to replace the pipes inside the house too?

Often, yes. A new service line ends at the meter. A house old enough to have a lead service usually still has galvanized supply inside, and lead in household plumbing wasn't banned until 1987. If the water is brown or upstairs pressure is weak, price an interior copper repipe at the same visit so the shutoff and openings cover both.

Who actually does the plumbing work?

In New York City, permitted plumbing work must be performed by a NYC Licensed Master Plumber or by workers under an LMP's direct supervision, and the LMP files the permit in DOB NOW. Ask any contractor for the LMP's licence number before work starts, and check it on the DOB's public licence search.

Get your lead service line replacement priced in writing

Pressure measured, pipe identified, an itemized price including the DOB permit.

The job · step 1 of 2
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